Linux运维教程之处理文本的工具sed

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发布：Linux培训
来源：职场技巧分享
时间：2020-07-28 14:07

今天小编要跟大家分享的文章是关于Linux运维教程之处理文本的工具sed。正在从事Linux相关工作的小伙伴们来和小编一起看一看吧，希望本篇文章能够对大家有所帮助。

sed是一种流编辑器，它一次处理一行内容。处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区中，称为“模式空间”(pattern space)，接着用sed命令处理缓冲区中的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕。然后读入下行，执行下一个循环。如果没有使诸如‘D’的特殊命令，那会在两个循环之间清空模式空间，但不会清空保留空间。这样不断重复，直到文件末尾。文件内容并没有改变，除非你使用重定向存储输出。

Linux运维教程之处理文本的工具sed

功能：主要用来自动编辑一个或多个文件,简化对文件的反复操作,编写转换程序等

参考：#/software/sed/manual/sed.html

用法：sed [option] '地址定界编辑命令' inputfile

一、常用选项：

-n：不输出模式空间内容到屏幕，即不自动打印

-e: 多点编辑

-f：/PATH/SCRIPT_FILE: 从指定文件中读取编辑脚本

-r: 支持使用扩展正则表达式

-i.bak: 备份文件并原处编辑

二、地址定界：

#:#表示数字

$:$表示最后一行;

/regex/:任何能被正则表达式regex所匹配到的行(/可以换成其他符号做为边界符)

#，/regex/:从第#行开始，到第一次被regex所匹配到的行结束，中间的所有行;

#1,#2:从#1行到#2行/regex1/,/regex2/:从第一次被/regex1/匹配到的行开始到第一次被/regex2/匹配到的行结束，中间的所有行

#，+n：从第#行开始，一直到向下的n行

first~step:指定起始行，以及步长如2~2 就是从第二行开始，每两行显示一次即偶数行2，4，6，8。1~2奇数行

三、sed编辑命令：

· d：删除模式空间匹配的行，并立即启用下一轮循环

· p:打印当前模式空间内容，追加到默认输出之后

· a []text：在指定行后面追加文本，支持使用\n实现多行追加

· i []text：在行前面插入文本

· c []text：替换行为单行或多行文本

· w /path/to/somefile:保存模式匹配的行至指定文件

· r /path/from/somefile:读取指定文件的文本至模式空间中匹配到的行后

· !:模式空间中匹配行取反处理

四、查找替换

· s///：查找替换,支持使用其它分隔符，s@@@，s### 替换标记：

§ g: 行内全局替换

§ p: 显示替换成功的行

§ w /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE：将替换成功的行保存至文件中

· sed ‘2p’ /etc/passwd 显示第2行，默认会打印所有行，第二行重复打印

· sed –n ‘2p’ /etc/passwd 只打印第二行

· sed –n ‘1,4p’ /etc/passwd 只打印第一行到第四行

· sed –n ‘/root/p’ /etc/passwd 只打印被root匹配到的行

· sed –n ‘2,/root/p’ /etc/passwd 打印从2行开始到被root匹配到的行

· sed -n ‘/^$/=’ file 显示空行行号

· sed –n –e ‘/^$/p’ –e ‘/^$/=’ file

· sed ‘/root/a\superman’ /etc/passwd 在被模式匹配到的行后添加新行superman

· sed ‘/root/i\superman’ /etc/passwd 行前

· sed ‘/root/c\superman’ /etc/passwd 用superman代替被模式匹配到的行

· sed ‘/^$/d’ file

· sed ‘1,10d’ file

· nl /etc/passwd | sed ‘2,5d’

· nl /etc/passwd | sed ‘2a tea’

· sed 's/test/mytest/g' example

· sed –n ‘s/root/&superman/p’ /etc/passwd 单词后 - sed –n ‘s/root/superman&/p’ /etc/passwd 单词前 - sed -e ‘s/dog/cat/’ -e ‘s/hi/lo/’ pets

· sed –i.bak ‘s/dog/cat/g’ pets

五、高级编辑命令

· P：打印模式空间开端至\n内容，并追加到默认输出之前

· h: 把模式空间中的内容覆盖至保持空间中

· H：把模式空间中的内容追加至保持空间中

· g: 从保持空间取出数据覆盖至模式空间

· G：从保持空间取出内容追加至模式空间

· x: 把模式空间中的内容与保持空间中的内容进行互换

· n: 读取匹配到的行的下一行覆盖至模式空间

· N：读取匹配到的行的下一行追加至模式空间

· d: 删除模式空间中的行

· D：如果模式空间包含换行符，则删除直到第一个换行符的模式空间中的文本，并不会读取新的输入行，而使用合成的模式空间重新启动循环。如果模式空间不包含换行符，则会像发出d命令那样启动正常的新循环

练习 1、删除centos7系统/etc/grub2.cfg文件中所有以空白开头的行行首的空白字符

cat /etc/grub2.cfg |sed -r 's/^[[:space:]]+//'

2、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的# 和空白字符

cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/^#[[:space:]]+//'

3、在centos6系统/root/install.log每一行行首增加#号

cat ./install.log |sed -r 's/^(.*)/#\1/'

4、在/etc/fstab文件中不以#开头的行的行首增加#号

cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/^([^#]+)/#\1/'

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

echo "/etc/fstab/sysconfig" |sed -r 's/^(.*)(\/)([^/]+\/?$)/\3/'

echo "/etc/fstab/sysconfig" |sed -r 's/^(.*)(\/)([^/]+\/?$)/\1/'

6、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

ifconfig ens33|sed -nr 's/^(.* inet)(.*)( netmask.*)/\2/p'

7、统计centos安装光盘中Package目录下的所有rpm文件的以.分隔倒数第二个字段的重复次数

ls|sed -r 's/^(.*\.)([^.]+)(\.rpm$)/\2/'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr

8、统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序(用grep和 sed两种方法分别实现)

cat /etc/init.d/functions|grep -oE "[[:alnum:]]+\\>"|sort |uniq -c|sort -n

9、将文```本文件的n和n+1行合并为一行，n为奇数行

seq 1 10|sed 'N;s/\n//g'

10. 用sed取出ifconfig 中的IPV4地址

[root@CentOS7 data]# ifconfig ens33 |sed

'2!d;s/^.*inet //;s/ netmask.*//'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 data]# ifconfig ens33 |sed -n '2p'|sed -e 's/^.*inet //' -e 's/ netmask.*//'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 data]# ifconfig ens33 |sed -n 's/^.*inet //pg'|sed -n 's/ etmask.*//pg'

192.168.110.131

11 将/etc/fstab 下不是#开头的，开头加上#号

cat /etc/fstab|sed -r 's/^([^#])/#\1/'

cat /etc/fstab|sed 's/^[^#]/#&/'

六、sed练习题目

1.用sed取出ifconfig中的ipv4地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig|sed -nr '2s/^(.*inet )(.*)( netmask .*)$/\2/p'

192.168.110.131

2.显示/etc/passwd的最后一行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# awk 'END{print$0}' /etc/passwd

user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

[root@CentOS7 ~]# tail -n1 /etc/passwd

user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

[root@CentOS7 ~]# sed -n '$p' /etc/passwd

user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

3.显示/etc/passwd的第一行到第三行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# awk '{if (NR>=1 && NR<=3) print $0}' /etc/passwd

##print 直接后跟变量名，不用加$,$0可以省略，if和()之间有无空格都可，()和print之间也一样

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd | awk '{if(NR>=1 && NR<=3)print}'

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# head -n3 /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -n '1,3p'

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

4.显示/etc/fstab 中以U开头的行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |grep "^U"

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed -nr '/^U/p'

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |awk '/^U/{print}'

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

5.用sed的regex只显示ifconfig的第二行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig |sed -n '2p'

inet 192.168.110.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast192.168.110.255

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig |head -n2 |tail -n1

inet 192.168.110.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast192.168.110.255

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig |awk '{if (NR==2); print$0}' ##如果NR==2，后面什么都没跟，最后打印所有的行了，这里分号表示if语句结束了

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu1500

inet 192.168.110.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255

inet6 fe80::6771:3c83:1113:d701 prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:8e:b3:16 txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)

RX packets 137 bytes 16052 (15.6 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 59 bytes 9024 (8.8 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0collisions 0

ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu1500

inet 172.20.129.161 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast172.20.255.255

inet6 fe80::4318:d843:7a34:9275 prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:8e:b3:20 txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)

RX packets 22409 bytes 2432535 (2.3 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 5029 bytes 633655 (618.8 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>

loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 50 bytes 5084 (4.9 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 50 bytes 5084 (4.9 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0collisions 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig |awk '{if (NR==2) print$0}'

inet 192.168.110.131 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255

6.只显示磁盘利用率

[root@CentOS7 ~]# df |awk '/\/dev\/sd/{print $1,$5}' ##$1和$5之间用，分隔，就表示空格

/dev/sda2 10%

/dev/sda6 1%

/dev/sda3 1%

/dev/sda1 16%

[root@CentOS7 ~]# df |awk '/\/dev\/sd/{print $1" "$5}' ##$1和$5之间加什么，用“内容”

/dev/sda2 10%

/dev/sda6 1%

/dev/sda3 1%

/dev/sda1 16%

[root@CentOS7 ~]# df |awk -F "[ ]+" '/\/dev\/sd/{print $1"="$5}'

/dev/sda2=10%

/dev/sda6=1%

/dev/sda3=1%

/dev/sda1=16%

[root@CentOS7 ~]# df |awk -F "[[:space:]]+" '/\/dev\/sd/{print $5}'

10%

16%

[root@CentOS7 ~]# df |awk -F "[ ]+" '/\/dev\/sd/{print $5}'

10%

16%

7.显示从第一行往后的三行/etc/passwd

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -n '1,+3p'

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |awk '{if(NR>=1 && NR<=4) print}'

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

8.显示/etc/passwd从s开头的行到f开头之间的行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -n '/^s/,/^f/p'

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

sssd:x:998:996:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

libstoragemgmt:x:997:994:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

colord:x:996:993:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/var/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:990:984:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

zhu:x:1000:1000:zhu:/home/zhu:/bin/bash

mandriva:x:4004:3004::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash

fedora:x:2003:2003:Feora Community:/home/fedora:/bin/tcsh

ssd:x:4058:4062::/home/ssd:/bin/bash

memcached:x:987:981:Memcached daemon:/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin

user2:x:4059:4063::/home/user2:/bin/sh

user1:x:4060:4064::/home/user1:/bin/bash

user3:x:4061:4065::/home/user3:/bin/bash

user5:x:4062:4066::/home/user5:/bin/bash

user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

9.显示/etc/passwd 第三行到f开头的行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -n '3,/^f/p'

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

10.只显示/etc/passwd偶数行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd |sed -n '2~2p'

2bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

4adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

6sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

8halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

10operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

12ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

14systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

16polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

18libstoragemgmt:x:997:994:daemon account forlibstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

20colord:x:996:993:User forcolord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

22saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

24setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

26pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

28rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

30unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

32usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

34radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

36ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

38gnome-initial-setup:x:989:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

40avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

42tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

44mandriva:x:4004:3004::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash

46habse:x:988:982::/home/habse:/bin/nologin

48nginx:x:4029:4031::/home/nginx:/bin/bash

50git:x:4033:4036::/home/git:/bin/bash

52u:x:4036:4041::/home/u:/bin/bash

54tcsh:x:4038:4043::/home/tcsh:/sbin/nologin

56nologin:x:4040:4045::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin

58basher:x:4042:4047::/home/basher:/sbin/nologin

60tomcat1:x:4047:4035::/home/tomcat1:/bin/bash

62wang:x:4049:4053::/home/wang:/bin/bash

64apache:x:80:80::/var/www:/sbin/nologin

66wan:x:4054:4058::/home/wan:/bin/bash

68wan1233:x:4056:4060::/home/wan1233:/bin/bash

70ssd:x:4058:4062::/home/ssd:/bin/bash

72user2:x:4059:4063::/home/user2:/bin/sh

74user3:x:4061:4065::/home/user3:/bin/bash

76user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

11.只显示/etc/passwd奇数行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd |sed -n '1~2p'

1root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

3daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

5lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

7shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

9mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

11games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

13nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

15dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

17sssd:x:998:996:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

19rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

21gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/var/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin

23abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

25rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

27chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

29nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

31tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

33geoclue:x:990:984:User forgeoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

35qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

37gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

39sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

41postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

43zhu:x:1000:1000:zhu:/home/zhu:/bin/bash

45fedora:x:2003:2003:Feora Community:/home/fedora:/bin/tcsh

47gentoo:x:4028:4029:Gentoo Distribution:/home/gentoo:/bin/csh

49varnish:x:4030:4032::/home/varnish:/bin/bash

51mage:x:4035:4039::/home/mage:/bin/bash

53bash:x:4037:4042::/home/bash:/bin/bash

55testbash:x:4039:4044::/home/testbash:/sbin/nologin

57userbasher:x:4041:4046::/home/userbasher:/bin/bash

59user:x:4043:4048::/home/user:/bin/bash

61mysql1:x:4048:4052::/home/mysql1:/bin/bash

63userdf:x:4050:4054::/home/userdf:/bin/bash

65user112:x:4053:4057::/home/user112:/bin/bash

67wan1:x:4055:4059::/home/wan1:/bin/bash

69usd:x:4057:4061::/home/usd:/bin/bash

71memcached:x:987:981:Memcached daemon:/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin

73user1:x:4060:4064::/home/user1:/bin/bash

75user5:x:4062:4066::/home/user5:/bin/bash

12.删除/etc/passwd第二行到第10行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd |sed -n '2,10d;p'

1root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

11games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

12ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

13nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

14systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

15dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

16polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

17sssd:x:998:996:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

18libstoragemgmt:x:997:994:daemon account forlibstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

19rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

20colord:x:996:993:User forcolord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

21gluster:x:995:992:GlusterFS daemons:/var/run/gluster:/sbin/nologin

22saslauth:x:994:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

23abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

24setroubleshoot:x:993:990::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

25rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

26pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

27chrony:x:992:987::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

28rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

29nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

30unbound:x:991:986:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

31tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

32usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

33geoclue:x:990:984:User forgeoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

34radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

35qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

36ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

37gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

38gnome-initial-setup:x:989:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

39sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

40avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

41postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

42tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

43zhu:x:1000:1000:zhu:/home/zhu:/bin/bash

44mandriva:x:4004:3004::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash

45fedora:x:2003:2003:Feora Community:/home/fedora:/bin/tcsh

46habse:x:988:982::/home/habse:/bin/nologin

47gentoo:x:4028:4029:Gentoo Distribution:/home/gentoo:/bin/csh

48nginx:x:4029:4031::/home/nginx:/bin/bash

49varnish:x:4030:4032::/home/varnish:/bin/bash

50git:x:4033:4036::/home/git:/bin/bash

51mage:x:4035:4039::/home/mage:/bin/bash

52u:x:4036:4041::/home/u:/bin/bash

53bash:x:4037:4042::/home/bash:/bin/bash

54tcsh:x:4038:4043::/home/tcsh:/sbin/nologin

55testbash:x:4039:4044::/home/testbash:/sbin/nologin

56nologin:x:4040:4045::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin

57userbasher:x:4041:4046::/home/userbasher:/bin/bash

58basher:x:4042:4047::/home/basher:/sbin/nologin

59user:x:4043:4048::/home/user:/bin/bash

60tomcat1:x:4047:4035::/home/tomcat1:/bin/bash

61mysql1:x:4048:4052::/home/mysql1:/bin/bash

62wang:x:4049:4053::/home/wang:/bin/bash

63userdf:x:4050:4054::/home/userdf:/bin/bash

64apache:x:80:80::/var/www:/sbin/nologin

65user112:x:4053:4057::/home/user112:/bin/bash

66wan:x:4054:4058::/home/wan:/bin/bash

67wan1:x:4055:4059::/home/wan1:/bin/bash

68wan1233:x:4056:4060::/home/wan1233:/bin/bash

69usd:x:4057:4061::/home/usd:/bin/bash

70ssd:x:4058:4062::/home/ssd:/bin/bash

71memcached:x:987:981:Memcached daemon:/run/memcached:/sbin/nologin

72user2:x:4059:4063::/home/user2:/bin/sh

73user1:x:4060:4064::/home/user1:/bin/bash

74user3:x:4061:4065::/home/user3:/bin/bash

75user5:x:4062:4066::/home/user5:/bin/bash

76user6:x:4063:4067::/home/user6:/bin/bash

13.在/etc/passwd 中1~20行每行后追加新行new line

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd |sed '1,20a \new line'

1root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

new line

2bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

new line

3daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

new line

4adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

new line

5lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

new line

6sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

new line

7shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

new line

8halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

new line

9mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

new line

10operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

new line

11games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

new line

12ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

new line

13nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

new line

14systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

new line

15dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

new line

16polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

new line

17sssd:x:998:996:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin

new line

18libstoragemgmt:x:997:994:daemon account forlibstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

new line

19rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

new line

20colord:x:996:993:User forcolord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

new line

14.在.bashrc 的Source下面加一行newline

[root@CentOS7 ~]# sed '/Source/a \newline' .bashrc

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias mancn='man -M /usr/man/zh_CN'

# Source global definitions

newline

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

. /etc/bashrc

alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'

LANG=en_US.utf8

前面加一行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# sed '/Source/i \newline' .bashrc

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias mancn='man -M /usr/man/zh_CN'

newline

# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

. /etc/bashrc

alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'

LANG=en_US.utf8

加2行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# sed '/Source/i \newline \nnewline2' .bashrc

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias mancn='man -M /usr/man/zh_CN'

newline

newline2

# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

. /etc/bashrc

alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'

LANG=en_US.utf8

替换source这行

[root@CentOS7 ~]# sed '/Source/c \newline' .bashrc

# .bashrc

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'

alias cp='cp -i'

alias mv='mv -i'

alias mancn='man -M /usr/man/zh_CN'

newline

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

. /etc/bashrc

alias cdnet='cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'

LANG=en_US.utf8

15.把/etc/fstab中UUID开头的行，过渡出来，写到新文件/root/f1中

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed '/^UUID/w /root/f1'

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat f1

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

16.在UUID开头的行后面读入/etc/issue文件的内容

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed '/^UUID/r /etc/issue'

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

the tty is \l

the hostname is \n

the current time is \t

Kernel \r on an \m

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

the tty is \l

the hostname is \n

the current time is \t

Kernel \r on an \m

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

the tty is \l

the hostname is \n

the current time is \t

Kernel \r on an \m

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

the tty is \l

the hostname is \n

the current time is \t

Kernel \r on an \m

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

the tty is \l

the hostname is \n

the current time is \t

Kernel \r on an \m

17.为被regex匹配到的行打印行号

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed '/^UUID/= '

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

18.除了模式空间的行其他行的行号全显示出来

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed '/^UUID/d;= '

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

19.除了第3行，其他都打印(有行号)

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed '3d;='

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/fstab |sed -n '3d;p'

4# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

6# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

7# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

9UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

10UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

11UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

12UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

13UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat -n /etc/fstab |sed -n '3!p'

4# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:26:27 2018

6# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

7# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

9UUID=50ad6c96-3d5a-4840-9f52-11f045c46a1d / xfs defaults 0 0

10UUID=755562ec-35e1-4ab9-bd08-8b0a691bde48 /boot xfs defaults 0 0

11UUID=48c79d0b-623e-4a61-8b5e-da5b2f0050b6 /data xfs defaults 0 0

12UUID=7067af7e-e829-49ba-b713-55296c046e27 swap swap defaults 0 0

13UUID=d045c3b8-68ba-4479-9b98-ceec0c8aa526 /home xfs defaults 0 0

21.将root替换为ROOT，将r..t替换为haha，在r..t后面加er,如rooter，要求将/etc/default/grub 中的LINUX那行quiet后加net.ifnames=0 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -nr 's/r..t\>/ROOT/pg'

ROOT:x:0:0:ROOT:/ROOT:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/ROOT:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -nr 's/r..t\>/haha/pg'

haha:x:0:0:haha:/haha:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/haha:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |sed -nr 's/(r..t\>)/\1er/pg'

rooter:x:0:0:rooter:/rooter:/bin/bash

operator:x:11:0:operator:/rooter:/sbin/nologin

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/default/grub|sed -n '/LINUX/s/\"$/ et\.ifnames=0"/p'

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0"

[root@CentOS7 ~]# cat /etc/default/grub|sed -nr 's/^(.*quiet)/\1 et\.ifname=0/p'

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet net.ifname=0"

22.使用sed取出IPV4的地址(至少5种方法)

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig |head -n2 |tail -n1 |tr -s ' ' |cut -d' ' -f3

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |grep -w inet |tr -s ' ' |cut -d" " -f3

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |sed -nr 's/^(.*inet )(.*)( etmask.*)$/\2/p'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |awk -F "[[:space:]]+" '{if(NR==2) print $3}'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |awk '{if(NR==2) print $2}'##-F "[[:space:]]+"等价于FS="[ ]+"

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |awk '{FS="[ ]+"; if(NR==2) print $3}'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |sed '2!d;s/^.*inet//;s/ netmask.*//'

192.168.110.131

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |sed -nr '2s/.* inet (.*) etmask.*/\1/p'

192.168.110.131

23.将一个命令的执行结果进行压缩，重定向到压缩文件中

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ls |xargs tar zcf root.tar.gz

[root@CentOS7 ~]# tar ft root.tar.gz

1.sh

Desktop/

Documents/

Downloads/

initial-setup-ks.cfg

Music/

Pictures/

Pictures/Screenshot from 2018-07-21 08-45-39.png

Public/

root.tar.gz

space.txt

Templates/

test.txt

Videos/

24.多点编辑将/etc/passwd 中空行及空行的行号打印出来

25.取出/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 中的基名和目录名

[root@CentOS7 ~]# basename /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

network-scripts

[root@CentOS7 ~]# dirname /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

/etc/sysconfig

[root@CentOS7 ~]#echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/"|grep -Eo "[^/]+\/?$"

network-scripts/

[root@CentOS7 ~]# echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/"|sed -r 's/^(.*\/)([^/]+\/?)/\2/'

network-scripts/

[root@CentOS7 ~]# echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/"|sed -r 's/^(.*\/)([^/]+\/?)/\1/'

/etc/sysconfig/

[root@CentOS7 ~]# echo "/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts"|sed -r 's/^(.*\/)([^/]+\/?)/\2/'

network-scripts

26.去掉centos6中的/etc/#/#

#VirtualHost*:80 到#</Vitualhost>中的每行开头的#号

[root@CentOS6 ~]# cat /etc/#/# |sed -r

'/^#<VirtualHost/,/^#<\/VirtualHost/s/#//'

ServerAdmin webmaster@#

DocumentRoot /www/docs/#

ServerName #

ErrorLog logs/#-error_log

CustomLog logs/#-access_log common

</VirtualHost>

27.将/etc/fstab中开头不是#加上#

[root@CentOS6 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/^([^#].*)/#\1/'

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 18 17:13:36 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#UUID=959dbbae-a23d-4e36-a306-00ffeeb0ac35 / ext4 defaults 1 1

#UUID=204cb4a7-64cd-4d54-8757-4abaedf6564c /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

#UUID=31ab6aee-936c-4aa4-92e3-31f6348c976c /data ext4 defaults 1 2

#UUID=ccb69c46-a8b7-46ec-9015-56656319c72a swap swap defaults 0 0

#tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

#devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

#sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

#proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/^([^#].*)/#&/'

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Sat Aug 18 23:02:43 2018

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#UUID=d9c33ebe-7198-496d-9211-468ed2aff31d / xfs defaults 0 0

#UUID=61e1da9b-93da-4aa7-bc62-148e74505ccf /boot xfs defaults 0 0

#UUID=d4001f2b-fe46-4479-aaf4-59ecce51eb95 /data xfs defaults 0 0

#UUID=d0c3c003-2fb6-453c-8c74-fc3c1b1acaf8 swap swap defaults 0 0

28.将/etc/fstab中的小写字母转换成大写字母

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/[[:alpha:]]/\u&/g'

# /ETC/FSTAB

# CREATED BY ANACONDA ON SAT AUG 18 23:02:43 2018

# ACCESSIBLE FILESYSTEMS, BY REFERENCE, ARE MAINTAINED UNDER '/DEV/DISK'

# SEE MAN PAGES FSTAB(5), FINDFS(8), MOUNT(8) AND/OR BLKID(8) FOR MORE INFO

UUID=D9C33EBE-7198-496D-9211-468ED2AFF31D / XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=61E1DA9B-93DA-4AA7-BC62-148E74505CCF /BOOT XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=D4001F2B-FE46-4479-AAF4-59ECCE51EB95 /DATA XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=D0C3C003-2FB6-453C-8C74-FC3C1B1ACAF8 SWAP SWAP DEFAULTS 0 0

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |sed -r 's/[[:alpha:]]/\u&/g'|sed -r 's/[[:alpha:]]/\l&/g'

##\l 表示小写\u表示大写\&引用前面被正则匹配到的

# /etc/fstab

# created by anaconda on sat aug 18 23:02:43 2018

# accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# see man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

uuid=d9c33ebe-7198-496d-9211-468ed2aff31d / xfs defaults 0 0

uuid=61e1da9b-93da-4aa7-bc62-148e74505ccf /boot xfs defaults 0 0

uuid=d4001f2b-fe46-4479-aaf4-59ecce51eb95 /data xfs defaults 0 0

uuid=d0c3c003-2fb6-453c-8c74-fc3c1b1acaf8 swap swap defaults 0 0

29.将sed的一串代码放到文件中 ’s///‘,从文件中读取正则来执行

[root@centos7 ~]# cat sed.script

s/[[:alpha:]]/\u&/g

[root@centos7 ~]# sed -r -f sed.script /etc/fstab

# /ETC/FSTAB

# CREATED BY ANACONDA ON SAT AUG 18 23:02:43 2018

# ACCESSIBLE FILESYSTEMS, BY REFERENCE, ARE MAINTAINED UNDER '/DEV/DISK'

# SEE MAN PAGES FSTAB(5), FINDFS(8), MOUNT(8) AND/OR BLKID(8) FOR MORE INFO

UUID=D9C33EBE-7198-496D-9211-468ED2AFF31D / XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=61E1DA9B-93DA-4AA7-BC62-148E74505CCF /BOOT XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=D4001F2B-FE46-4479-AAF4-59ECCE51EB95 /DATA XFS DEFAULTS 0 0

UUID=D0C3C003-2FB6-453C-8C74-FC3C1B1ACAF8 SWAP SWAP DEFAULTS 0 0

[root@centos7 ~]#

30.将/eec/selinux/config 中的SELINUX=enforcing 改为SELINUX=disabled

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config |sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/'

sed: no input files

[root@centos7 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

31.取出版本号

[root@centos7 etc]# cat /etc/centos-release|sed -r 's/[^0-9]+([0-9]+).*/\1/'

[root@centos7 etc]# cat /etc/centos-release|sed -r 's/[^[:digit:]]+([[:digit:]]+).*/\1/'

[root@centos7 etc]# cat /etc/centos-release|awk -F "[ .]" '{print $4}'

32 删除/etc/#/# 以空格+#号开头的无用行，以及空行

[root@CentOS6 ~]# sed '/^$/d;/^[ ]*#/d' /etc/#/#

33将奇数行和偶数行合并

[root@centos7 etc]# seq 1 10|sed -r 'N;s#\n##'

910

1.awk 'NR%2==1' file / /显示奇数行

2.sed -n '1,$n;p' file / /显示偶数行

3.sed -n '1,$p;n' file / /显示奇数行

4.奇数行:sed '2~2d' file / /显示奇数行

5.偶数行:sed '1~2d' file/ /显示偶数行

34、删除centos7系统/etc/grub2.cfg文件中所有以空白开头的行行首的空白字符

35、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的# 和空白字符

36、在centos6系统/root/install.log每一行行首增加#号

37、在/etc/fstab文件中不以#开头的行的行首增加#号

38、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

39、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址 7、统计centos安装光盘中Package目录下的所有rpm文件的以.分隔倒数第二个字段的重复次数

41、统计/etc/init.d/functions文件中每个单词的出现次数，并排序(用grep和 sed两种方法分别实现)

42、将文本文件的n和n+1行合并为一行，n为奇数行

[root@centos7 etc]# seq 1 10|sed 'N;s/\n//'

以上就是小编今天为大家分享的关于Linux运维教程之处理文本的工具sed的文章，希望本篇文章能够对正在从事Linux运维工作的小伙伴们有所帮助，想要了解更多Linux相关知识记得关注达内 Linux培训官网，最后祝愿小伙伴们工作顺利，成为一名优秀的Linux运维工程师。

文章来源：原创朱友生 SRE学习之路

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